Functional Analysis: Introduction to Further Topics in Analysis (Princeton Lectures in Analysis, 4)
P**M
Professor Stein's final book is a tour de force
Functional analysis is the fourth and final book in Elias Stein's and Rami Shakarchi'sPrinceton lectures in analysis. Elias Stein is a world authority on harmonic analysis and it is not surprising therefore that the first book in the series was on Fourier analysis. The second and third books covered complex and real analysis. He is also a winner of the prestigious Wolf Prize which is granted, at least in part, for excellence in communication of mathematical ideas: "For his contributions to classical and Euclidean Fourier analysis and for his exceptional impact on a new generation of analysts through his eloquent teaching and writing."These books were based on lectures given at Princeton and therefore reflect the standard of mathematics teaching at Princeton, but more importantly they reflect what Stein wanted to do by bringing together a life time of knowledge and insights concerning Fourier theory. My understanding (which comes from someone within the functional analysis "mafia") is that Professor Stein really wanted to set a benchmark for doing Fourier series and functional analysis properly and that has informed the way he has approached these four books. The synthesis of ideas is excellent and even though I learned Fourier theory from a very able man, I was always hankering for the bigger deal - the broader connections. At the top level of mathematics the "helicopter" view is actually the hardest thing to do - just think of Littlewood's three principles: (a) every measurable set is nearly a finite sum of intervals; (b) every absolutely integrable function is nearly continuous; and (c) every pointwise convergent sequence of functions is nearly uniformly convergent. These three simple principles are but the tip of a massive analytical iceberg.It is clear that there is a real passion for Fourier series and its tantalising applications which are extraordinarily diverse. When Fourier initially developed the seemingly outrageous theory in the early part of the 19th century, little did he know the astonishing applications that his theory would have. The sheer generality of Fourier series has in turn generated extremely subtle issues which have exercised the minds of some great mathematicians over the years. You cannot properly understand Fourier theory until you really appreciate the subtlety of the convergence issues that it poses. Stein's series of books are all about really deeply understanding why the theory works as well as it does.Because these books are written for a mathematically sophisticated undergraduate audience they are in my view not really suitable for a struggling student. They are not suitable for an electrical engineering student, say, who just wants to know how to bang out Fourier or Laplace transforms. This is not the audience for these books. They are in fact like a complex French meal that requires a suitably chosen white or red wine to complement the overall meal. Indeed, I sometimes take one of the four volumes down to Bondi Beach to watch the waves and reflect on the depth of the material which is reinforced by the numerous exercises and problems. The exposition is very clear and the proofs are easy to follow (assuming the reader has the requisite background knowledge). There is an enormous amount of material in the exercise and problems which really amplify and reinforce the material in the text. There are some quite difficult problems but there are many hints which take you sequentially through the solution and in my experience these hints do indeed lead you systematically to the full solution. That is not to say that you don't have to do a lot of work to get there. In fact I have published detailed solutions to some of his exercises and problems.The volume on functional analysis is actually quite different to other "classical texts" dealing with functional analysis. For instance Rudin's textbook on functional analysis has quite a different emphasis to Stein's introduction to the subject. Stein devotes a whole chapter to applications of the Baire category theory while Rudin devotes a page. Stein does this because it provides some insights into establishing the existence of a continuous but nowhere differentiable function as well as the existence of a continuous function with Fourier series diverging a point. Thus what he is doing is providing a much more holistic and integrated approach to the subject than occurs in other approaches which are much more narrowly focused. In terms of overall feel I think he is closest in philosophical approach to Frigyes Riesz whose book "Functional Analysis" (with Bela Sz.-Nagy) is so different to the more modern books. Riesz in fact "talks" through some proofs without elaborate algebra.Stein covers the applications of functional analysis to probability theory and the vehicle he uses is Rademacher functions which enables a quick derivation of the square root law for sums of Bernoulli trials. This leads into a chapter on Brownian motion which starts with a quotation from Joe Doob which says in part that "Norbert Wiener..was so unfamiliar with the standard probability techniques even at elementary levels that his methods were so clumsily indirect that some of his own doctoral students did not realize that his Brownian motion process had independent increments". Those of us who have attempted hacking through Doob's impenetrable books will appreciate the irony in this quotation. Having said that Stein's approach to the construction of Brownian motion is different to the approaches taken by the finance world writers. He develops Brownian motion in the context of solving Dirichlet's problem generally. This is what you would expect from an expert in harmonic analysis. There is a very useful chapter oscillatory integrals in Fourier analysis which develops the theory behind averaging operators and curvature.The book also contains all the other "usual suspects" of functional analysis - Banach spaces, LP spaces, Hardy spaces and so on.Because this is the last book in the series it is worth going back on reviewing the scope of what has been achieved. When you do this, you appreciate what a superb job has been done in bringing the whole sprawling area together. A lifetime of work has been reflected in these books and any student who can do every single problem and exercise would indeed be destined for great things.
A**R
4.5=5
This is fourth and final book of Princeton Lectures in Analysis. About half of the book contains standard material from functional analysis courses. The rest of the book is devoted to topics that are not usually found in functional analysis courses. I am giving 5 stars to this book because amazon does not have fractions for evaluation. Honestly, this is 4.5 book because it does not contain all the topics expected in an elementary functional analysis course. For example, some of the material on Hilbert spaces are contained in the third book on real analysis. So I would recommend to have the four books because the distribution and the order of presentation of the content, in this collection, is a little bit unusual (the usual is the traditional real-complex-harmonic-functional sequence). Finally, an evaluation of the collection: book 1 (Fourier Analysis) is the best, book 2( complex variable) is the easiest, book 3 (real variables) is the hardest, and book 4 (functional) is interesting.
A**L
Excellent series!
My kid loves the Stein-Shakarchi series. He used two of their books for undergrad course work and the third as a supplement to Folland for his grad analysis course. So this last book made a perfect Xmas gift !
S**N
Five Stars
Wonderful final volume for my favorite analysis series!
S**A
Five Stars
Very useful book in very good conditions
S**D
Essential material for high level analysis in a beautifully presented package.
The title of the book is wrong - should be, more appropriately, "Function Analysis".After working through the rest of the series and ch. 1 of book IV, the functional analysis one would then learn should be generalizing the Hilbert and Banach Space ideas encountered largely in book III to unbounded operators.I.e., how do we talk about the spectrum of such an operator. I personally like Teschl's book:https://www.amazon.com/Mathematical-Methods-Quantum-Mechanics-Applications/dp/1470417049/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1539968391&sr=8-1&keywords=gerald+teschlFor this, but I'm sure anyone would recommend their own distinct favorite.What is this book? It is a beautiful synthesis of material that is crucial for someone who wishes to study or know PDE orharmonic/ fourier analysis at a high level. The treatments of distributions, hardy spaces, BMO spaces, almost orthogonality, basic probabilistic ideas used in fourier analysis, are given in the typical style of the series - with a viewof their motivations from auxiliary areas of math. This means the student who learns from this book will not just know the results, but know why they care. For instance, that distributions serve as a key tool in proving Sobolev space estimates and deriving fundamental solutions for elliptic equations.Again, as is typical for the series, much of the punchline material is contained in the exercises and problems. For instance, Young's inequality, existence of antiderivatives for distributions, density of C_0^\infty in the Schwartz class, are all exercises. As such, while this book makes a decent reference, it is better as a book for learning the material. The student that reads the sections, filling in the missing details - and there are definitely missing details - and works through many of the exercises as well asa problem or 2 will be the one that benefits the most from this book, as this is how it was designed to be used.
B**.
Dirty book
Book was dirty with dust and glue residue on the cover. Page edges dirty; will require sandpaper grinding. Very poor experience.
S**I
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S**4
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This Book is the next stage of the 3rd edition.Though I read the 3rd ed, this book is difficult for beginners of functional analysis.P.24 prf of thm5.7>We let A={a_1,âŠ,a_N} denote an arbitrary collection of N real numbers, with #A=N denoting its cardinality.Though I am not an English speaker, "collection" means "subset", don't you interpret?Here must not be "collection" but "sequense".p.56 prf of thm2.1>Similarly, set f_n=fU_n+fL_n.âŸâŸâŸMoreover, since f_nâf in the L^p norm, then fU_nâfU in the L^p0 norm and fL_nâfL in the L^p1 norm.Really? Really??p.57 cor2.3(a)It is suspicious when p0=â.p.105>that the mapping Ïâ(F*F1)(Ï) has the required continuity in D is then straightforwardIs it really straight forward? Though I was able to prove it, I don't think that it is straightforward.
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